Globalization:
It involves the transmission of ideas, meanings, and values worldwide in a way that extends and intensifies social ties. Globalization is marked by the common consumption of cultures that the Internet has diffused, popular culture media, and international travel. This has added to commodity exchange and colonization processes. Culture circulation allows individuals to engage in extended social relationships across national and regional borders. The creation and expansion of such social links are not merely observed on a material level. The process of cultural globalization entails the creation of shared norms and knowledge with which people identify their individual and collective cultural identities. There is a growing interconnectedness among different populations and cultures.
Characteristics Globalization:
It extends ideas and cultures across all the civilizations of the world.
It sets up tensions between processes of homogenization that contribute, on the one hand, to flattening social differences and human experience.
It enhances the sense of the locals and promotes counter-globalizing movements.
It occurs in everyday life through digital communication and popular Culture.
It promotes Western lifestyles and possibly Americanizes the world.
Glocalization (Think global and act local):
It is the "simultaneous occurrence of universalizing and particularizing tendencies in contemporary social, political, and economic systems." Glocalization challenges simplistic conceptions of globalization processes as linear expansions of territorial scales. It indicates that local and regional levels are becoming more salient along with continental and global levels. Glocal, an adjective, by definition, is "reflecting or characterized by both local and global considerations." The term "glocal management", which means "think globally, act locally", is used in companies' business strategies, particularly by Japanese companies expanding overseas.
Cultural Homogenization:
It is an aspect of cultural globalization. This term refers to the reduction of cultural diversity due to popularizing and distribution of various cultural objects, customs, ideas, and values. David E. O'Connor describes it as "the process by which local cultures are transformed or absorbed by a dominant outside culture". It has been called "perhaps the most widely discussed hallmark of global culture". In theory, homogenization could break cultural barriers and the global assimilation of a single culture. It is usually used when Western Culture dominates and destroys other cultures. The process of cultural homogenization in the context of the domination of the Western (American) capitalist Culture is also known as:
McDonaldization,
Coca-colonization,
Americanization
Westernization.
It is criticized as a form of cultural Imperialism and neo-colonialism.
Many indigenous cultures have resented this process.
Important theorists are:
Roland Robertson,
Keith Hampton,
Barry Wellman,
Zygmunt Bauman
Brilliant